Walaxkaste waxay kasameysantahay curiye ( element ). curiyaasha waa walxa aan lagu sii kala jajabinkarin howlkiimikeed (chemical process), Waxayna kasameysantahy atamyo (atoms). Atam waa waxa ilaaliya astaamaha curiyaha. Atamka waxa lagu tilmaama inuu yahay waxa ugu yar ee walax walkaste ee kownka kajirtaahi kasameysantahay inkastoo isla atamka kasii sameysanyahy sadex shey oo yaryar waxayna kala yihiin elaktaron (electron), baroton (protons) iyo niyuutaron (neutrons). Atamku wuxuu leyahay xudun cufan oo uu dulmeeraysto elaktaronku, gudeheeddana ay kujiraan baroton iyo niyuutaron. barotonku waxay xanbaarsanyihiin danabside togan (positive charge +) halka niyuutaronku aysan wax danabside ah wadin. Tiradda barotonka ee kujirta atamka watan go'aamisa Astanta guud ee curiyaha, mana dhacdo in labo curiye ay yeeshaan tiro baroton oo isku mida, curiye walbe wuxuu leyahay tiro baroton oo lagaga garto kuwa kale. Dusha sare ee bu'dda ama xudunta atamka waxaa dulmeereysto elaktaron oo si lamida sidda meerayaashu cadceedda ugu wareegaan asna ugu wareega bu'dda atamka, elektaronku wuxuu xanbaaraa danabsidde taban (negative charge -). elaktaronka iyo barotonkuba midba mida kale ayuu soo jiitaa madaama ay calaamado kala duwan leeyihiin. Sida awgeed waxaa lama huraana in cadaddka ama tirooyinka labadan sheyba (inta elaktaron iyo inta baroton ) ee kujirta atamka ay isla egyihiin. Cabiradda marka lajoogo waxaa la isticmalaa Tirada atam (Atomic number Z ) iyo cadaddka culeyska atamka (Atomic mass unit :AMU). Tiro atameedka (atomic number) waa tiradda baroton ee kujirta atamka sidoo kalana loogu yeero Tiro baroton (proton number). Tusaale ahaan helium waa curiyaha labaad ee shaxdda curiyaasha ( periodic table) wuxuu leyaahay labo baroton sidaa darteed tiro atameedkiisa waxaan leenahay waa labo. Wadarta tiroyinka baroton iyo niyuutaron ee atamka ayaa loogu yeeraa cadad culeyka atamka ( atomic mass unit: AMU). Tusaale hiiliyam (helium) waxay ledahay labo baroton iyo sidoo kale labo niyuutaron marka culeyka helium waa afar AMU. elaktaron wuxuu leyahay wax ladhaho “culeyka nagi “ Oo ah culayka uu elaktaronku leeyahay markuu tagan yahay. Lakin sida badan wax culeysa malaha lagumana daro xalinta xisabaadka culeyka ee cadad culeyska atamka (Atomic mass unit AMU). Atamyadda Qaar yaa bixiya ama qaata elaktaron, Marka atamku leeyahay saami elaktaron iyo baroton ee kala badan (aan isku mid ahayn) ayaa layiraahda Aayoon (ion). Sidoo kale marka ay atamyadda hal curiye ay leeyihiin niyuutaron (neutron) kala duwan waxaa layiraahdaa aysatob (Isotope). Ayadoo ay jirto in tiradda neutron ee atamku kala duwanankarto haddana wax isbadala kuma yimaaddo hab dhaqanka curiyaha madaama ay tiradda proton oo ah mida go’aamisa hab dhaqanka iyo astaamaha curiyaha aysan isbaleyn oo joogto tahay.

Labels: Sayniska